Historical Case Studies - Write Up

Quadrophenia

Details

·      Made in 1979 and was produced by The Who, whose music is features heavily in the song. Their song ‘My Generation’ is apt for the song, as it shows the divide between the young people and their parents.

·      The main characters are Jimmy, Dave (Jimmy’s Friend), Steph (Feminine Character in an androgynous group), Ace (The ‘Leader’ of the Mods) and Kevin (Jimmy’s friend, who turns out to be a rocker).

·      It is mainly set in milkshake bars; clubs and then the big scenes are in Brighton. These were the usual locations of these groups of youths in the 60s.

Ideologies in the Film

·      The Mods vs. Society. You can see this when they are in Brighton and they are smashing up the milkshake bar and fighting with the rockers. They are going against the social norms and this would be why the real mods and rockers were the focal points of Cohen’s Folk Devils theory.

·      There is a divide between Youths and Parents. You can see this when Jimmy is shrinking his Levis jeans and his father asks him why he is wearing wet jeans. This shows that at the time they didn’t understand each other. Another instance of this is when Jimmy is watching The Who on TV and his father says that Pete Townshend is playing his guitar wrong. This shows the divide between what the parents believe in, and the sub-cultures they are a part of, and the way that Jimmy is.

·      Jimmy wants to be an individual. Jimmy thinks that being part of this gang is the most important thing, and that if he sticks to it then he will be alternative. However he takes it too far and ends up giving up his job and becoming estranged with his family, which comes as a consequence of a mass use of amphetamines.

Clockwork Orange

·      Made in 1971 by Stanley Kubrick and was an adaptation of the Anthony Burgess Book.

·      It was meant to show a utopian future of Britain and the way that people would act at this point.

·      The main characters are Alex and his ‘Droogs’, who are the gang who he takes around with him, giving out his ‘ultra-violence’.

Ideologies in/ from the film

·      Young people in these environments are vicious and will lash out, unprovoked to demonstrate their power. They were given a very negative press in the film and this meant that the film was frowned upon and many people believed that it should have been banned, as it could promote this sort of behaviour in real life situations.

·      In the years after the film was produced, newspapers used the term ‘Clockwork Orange’ as a way of describing the attacks that were similar to those in the film e.g. when two girls beat a 62 year old gay man to death, for no real reason.

Applicable Theory

·      STANLEY COHEN – He said that FOLK DEVILS (people who go against societies norms) are shown in the media so that people we see them and judge against them. This would create a MORAL PANIC, through DEVIANCE AMPLIFICATION, which usually sensationalises an issue and makes it bigger than it ordinarily would be.

·      GRAMSCI – The Broadsheet Newspapers all display young people as folk devils (Cohen) and always gives them bad press. This was evident in the times that Jimmy lived in, with the newspapers telling the adults that these Mods and Rockers would ruin communities and cause trouble, putting their ideologies into others.

·      GAUNTLETT – He said that IDENTITIES AREN’T GIVEN, BUT NEGOTIATED by the things around them. You can see this in Quadrophenia, where the clothes that they wore, the music they listened to and the social norms and attitudes that their friends and peers held influenced their own ideologies.

·      HEBDIGE – He said that SUB-CULTURES WOULD CHALLENGE THE HEGEMONIC TIMES that we live in. The Mods and Rockers challenged this, with them amplifying what the papers were saying about them, behaving in the way that people were expecting them to and not challenging it. 

Section B Theory Grid

THEORIST	CONCEPT	OWN EXPLANATION	LINK TO CASE STUDIES
BUCKINGHAM	Complex and Complicated	Identity doesn’t just have one layer; it is constructed by the things around us and is complicated and complex.	In Quadrophenia Jimmy was a Mod like most of his friends, but then beneath that he was friends with a rocker, and ended up with split loyalties.
GRAMSCI	Hegemonic Control	The mass media feed us ideas that we learn to believe. This can be things that they tell us or attitudes they have, we learn to reflect their views, and not our own.	The Broadsheet Newspapers all display young people as folk devils (Cohen) and always give them bad press (Daily Mail in particular)
GAUNTLETT	Identities aren’t given	The identity that people see is not all our own, but is constructed by things that influence us e.g. music, style, people	Mods and Rockers were influenced by the music they listened to and the way that their role models dressed
COHEN	Folk Devils and Moral Panics	Mass media create folk devils, those who go against the social norms, and then use these people to create a moral panic, which is where they tell the public that this is going to challenge the social conventions.	Quadrophenia – Mods vs. Rockers, these are the Folk Devils and the Moral Panic was the fighting between them. People who were involved in the riots, fighting with those in control.
FOUCAULT	Discourses	People don’t have a real identity but a framework/ discourse, which they use to hide behind. The groups that they are part of, or the media that they use can do this.	In social media especially people are able to construct opinions about their own age groups, seen during the riots. Some youths had posts about going looting while others made pages like ‘Help The Met Police’
JENKINS	Participatory Culture	This is where the general public all feel that their contributions will matter. If these people collaborate then a change may occur.	People on sites like Twitter and Facebook came together during the riots. This was for both good and bad, some also used BBM to organise riots, whereas some used it to organise clean-up operations.
HEBDIGE	Subcultures challenge hegemony	When people join together to form their sub-cultues, they are able to challenge the popular beliefs about them (Hegemony)	Quadrophenia - Mods vs. Society. London Rioters vs, The Police. Working Classes vs. Rich Politicians (Plan B)

Section A Link

http://jordanthornhillsection1a.blogspot.co.uk/

Future Representation Of Youths

Has representation of youths changed from the past to the present?

If you compare the way that the youths were seen at the time of Quadrophenia and the way are seen now, you will see both similarities and differences.
The similarities are:

• The youths all want to be part of a gang, in the time of Quadrophenia everyone was either a Mod or a Rocker, and this was decided by the clothes you wore, the music you listened to, the bike you were riding and the places you went to socialise in. In todays society you can see similar trends like this, with people being grouped into Indie, Goth and Chav to name 3, by the clothes they wear, music they listen to and where you socialise. 
• The parents of these youths never seemed to understand about what they were doing, for example in Quadrophenia Jimmy's dad asks him why he's wearing wet jeans, and calls him a freak. This shows the way that people who aren't part of this society, don't understand the things that they are doing. In the modern day riots, people couldn't understand what youths were doing. The parents of those rioting didn't know why they were rioting, and there were high profile celebrities who couldn't work it out. For example David Gilmour, guitarist and vocalist for Pink Floyd, spoke after his son was arrested for violent disorder, after throwing a fire extinguisher from the roof of an office block. He said he couldn't understand why he did this, and blamed the people he was surrounded by for 'influencing' him. 
• The people who were in these fore mentioned gangs wanted to challenge authority. In the 60s they all wanted to be individuals, challenging the authorities and do what they wanted, when they wanted. They wanted to ride around on their bikes, and if they seen someone from a rival gang, they wanted it so that they could beat them up, and smash up their bikes, without consequence. In the modern day, 2012, the young people in the council estates want to run their estates, with the police not coming anywhere near, let them sort out their own problems. There are areas in London where even the Police fear to go, and this is where the youths have successfully challenged authority and won. 

The differences are:

• In the 60s the gangs would organise things using word of mouth, or if they had a home telephone through that, but then would have to stick to their plans, making them reasonably easy to intercept for forces like the police, and this meant that the crime rates were able to be lowered by preventing the crimes before they got out of hand. In 2012 there is BBM, Twitter, MSN and Facebook to organise, all of which can be taken on the move with iPhone and BlackBerry, and can then organise quickly, and crucially, discreetly, if they feel that something needs to be changed or to halt it altogether to avoid an unwelcome confrontation.

Will the Representation of Youths Change?

After the riots a lot of young people have done things to change the way that they are perceived in the media, setting up projects, webpages and peaceful protests to try and get papers like the Daily Mail to stop on printing negative things about them. They have set up websites like Truth About Youth and the 99% Blog. These are websites that people can look at to see what the young people are doing in the communities, and it is a way to see that they are not all the looting, violent thugs that the mass media would like you to believe they were. This is the sort of things that youths can do to change their representation and could help them in the future, with the way the country's economy is. Also they set up things on sites like Facebook and Twitter, which helped to set up clean up operations, and to set up marches against the rioters. 

However as all of the good things are going on there are still bad, which the media are always quick to pick up on. When they are doing things like thieving from injured Malaysian students or beating up old men for small change, this makes their representation even worse than it was before. jCombine this with those who were arrested during the riots, those who go out binge drinking every night and those who are portrayed in TV Shows and in the mass media, and it seems unlikely that they will ever get a better representation in the press, or in the eyes of those looking on. 

Plan B (Ben Drew, 28) Analysis

Does the video fuel negative representations of youth collective identities? Or does the video attempt to change the views?

In the whole it shows the youths in a negative light. Some of the images it uses make it impossible for others to see the people in these communities as anything other than trouble. It shows them looting flat screen TVs, beating up and filming other youths and intimidating old women, these are definitely negative things to show these people doing. It doesn't really try to change the views of the youths, as there isn't any footage in it to say that they are actually doing something positive. For example, it could of showed the youths who were helping to clean up the streets after the riots, but instead it showed angry clashes with the police force and them fire-bombing cars, whilst talking about shanking, slang term for slashing someones throat, and mugging. 

What textual examples are there in the video to show the collective identity of youths?

In the video you can see many things that could show the ideas that people would have about young people. These can be:

• Hanging around on council estates in gangs, intimidating people who aren't associated and in one scene beating up someone who gets too close to him.
• In the scene where it is building towards the chorus and the young people look bored, and end up throwing a petrol bomb at an empty car, even though there doesn't seem to have been any sort of provocation. 
• At the beginning of the video it shows a group of young men, walking down what we assume was a London street, with their hoods up and face covered, fuelling the idea that these people don't want to be recognised by the other public. 
• It also shows the young people from the council estate clashing with riot police, throwing glass bottles, petrol bombs and anything else they can find, in an attempt to drive the authorities away.
• It shows again the gang culture when they were in what looked like a multi-storey car park, beating up two young people, with dogs, whilst videoing it on their mobile phones.
• 
  

Are there any instances in the video where those in authority are abusing their power?

In the video it shows a Police Officer pushing over a man, even though the provocation, if any, is minimal and there is no proper reason for doing it. This shows that even the Police, the people who run our country's streets, have given in to the idea that the all youths should be tarred with the same brush, thinking that because they are in the area of trouble, they must be involved. This is similar to the historical issue we looked at, in Quadrophenia. After Jimmy and Steph sneak off, and then come back into a street, the police grab them and throw Jimmy in the back of a van, because he was wearing a Parka and was with the other 'Mods'.

What was Plan B trying to challenge through his video?

Plan B seemed to be trying to challenge the idea that the youths involved in the riots didn't do it because they were hardened criminals who wanted to steal as much as possible, it was because they had nothing to do, and felt that they were being preyed on by the police and government. As fore mentioned the police seemed to just want to 'get' some of the young people in these areas, so it looked as though their presence at these riots had been a success. It did show them stealing TVs and getting into fights, bu this again was because they were driven to it. It is like when Drew says that the young people in these areas are like animals, they are backed into a corner and they lash out, it is a primal instinct, he says.  

What does Plan B try to achieve through both his song and his film?

He said that he doesn't agree with the riots, but that he feels that the people who were involved in them should be highlighted, so that they can be helped, and shown that there is a better way to live than this. This could be what he is trying to get across in the video, and film he is making to highlight these things in the future.

Plan B - ill MANOR Video Analysis

This video by multi genre artist, film director and actor Plan B (Real name Ben Drew) and is for a song called ill MANOR.

Lyrics


Its lyrics show what many of the looters would of had, using lyrics like 'You can't put us all in prison' which reflects the idea that many people had, that the riots wer caused by the country having a failed Penal System. Another lyric is 'who closed down the Community Centre' with this reflecting the idea that some of the looters that were previously interviewed gave, they had nothing to do. It also reflects the gang culture of the communities who allegedly took part in these riots. It uses the words 'People get stabbed round here there's many shanks, nice knowing someones got your back when you get attacked'. This shows the culture of the gangs and the violence which is shown in these places.

Video


In the video there are many images that would reflect the ideas that people would of had about the people involved in the riots, it shows you the young people in communities, staying near their flats, drinking and attacking passers by. At one point it shows you people being beat up, and a teenage girl filming it all on her phone, showing again the impact that social media could have on these communities and the riots in particular. It is also showing what seems to be the main pictures of the riots, burning cars and makes this a big part of the video. When the song is coming back into the chorus at the end it shows a shot of a fire bomb being thrown into a car, in slow motion, in time with the music.

Plan B (Ben Drew) Opinion


In an interview with Radio 1Xtra he made these points:

• He doesn't agree witht the riots, he just feels that the people who were involved in them should be highlighted, so that they can be helped, and shown that there is a better way to live than this.
• He believes that the riots will not help these communities, it will make them worse, as peoples perceptions, which were already bad, could now be confirmed.
• There is now a divide between the adult middle classes, with those in government believing that they are better than those they are governing. 
• The words CHAV and YOB are used to much, and are taken too lightly in the media, and should be used less as it is possible that it could be as serious as racism and sexism, which you wouldn't ever see in the newspapers. 
• He also believes that having money and paying for an education is not an excuse to think that you are better than someone else, and certainly doesn't give you a right to judge people, after only seeing one side of them. 
• He compares all people to animals, who, when backed into the corner lash out, he calls it a primal instinct and he believes that this is what happened in causing the riots. He says that the people in the 'poorer' communities were oppressed and were pushed back and back and eventually it provoked a reaction, the rioting and looting. 
• He says that it is up to the people in the communities to change the perceptions made about them, by the things they do and the way that they act, especially when there is a spotlight on them, whether it be from the government, the police or other power. 

As you can see in what he says in that interview, and what is in the lyrical content, he is trying to get under the skins of the middle class and those in government, trying to provoke a reaction from them, like they did to the affected communities. 

Social Media, London Riots and Representation Of Youths

How far were the responses of the rioters themselves given space in the media?

When the TV Crews for news channels went out they usually went and talked to the adults at the scene, getting their opinion, and not that of those who were taking part in the rioting. It talked to people who were in a position of power, for example David Lammy MP and Mayor of London Boris Johnson. This meant that they couldn't get a full picture, as those adults in a position of power may all have the same ideas, so this would be the only one that BBC/ CNN and ITV News portrayed.

Given the general framing of young people as the key participants in the events, how much space was given to young peoples voices - and what sort of young people were given space to respond in the media debates?

As mentioned above the young people who were given press coverage were kept to a minimum, with the broadcasters preferring to interview MPs and Mayors, or get the reaction of shopkeepers. In regard to the type of people who were interviewed, they tended to choose people who could hardly string a sentence together, or who's every other word was a swear word, getting rid of the people who had a valid point to get across, as in this video. This helped to portray the ideas that the news wanted them to, with the young people involved in the riots being illiterate thugs who were opportunist and took what they wanted because they could.

To what extent did social media challenge or confirm representation of youth identity in the mass media during the time of the London Riots?


A lot of the newspapers seemed to condem the young people involved in the riots before there was any sort of investigations into the sources of it, and the actual percentages of people who were there, as you can see below. This meant that they got a negative press straight away, which then reflected Stanley Cohens theory that the Mass Media can create Moral Panics, through portraying these Folk Devils in a wholly negative light. However some of this media did portray some of the youth in a good light, highlighting the clean up operations and trying to make it plain that there were some young people who were doing good and not trying to destroy their communities or burning anything that stayed still for more than 30 seconds. You can also apply David Gauntlet in this case, as he says that identities are not given, but negotiated and constructed. Although the general mass media had decided on their opinion of the youth who were taking part in the riots, their opinions were changed and then moulded to fit in with what the youths were doing at the time. This has always happened, with one day them saying how terrible the youths were, wearing hoodies and mugging pensioners, but then the next day how great they were for helping to clean up communities and setting up youth projects. It is difficult because of the oligopoly in the media, with few companies having much to say, which only really gives you 1 or 2 messages.

Questions To Answer

1. Overview of Contemporary Case Study.
- What were the context of the riots?
- What were the reasons given as to why youths were involved in the riots?
- Were youths given a fair and unbiased representation in the press coverage of the riots?

2. Applying Theory
- How can the coverage of the London riots be understood in relation to the ideas of Stan Cohen
- David Gauntlett stated that 'Identities are not given, but are constructed and negotiated'
- From the research which you have conducted into the coverage of the London Riots, to what extent is the representation of the collective identity of youths constructed by the press? Consider FOR and AGAINST arguments.

Newspaper Reports On London Riots

http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/4167254/Two-guilty-of-London-riots-mugging-that-shocked-nation.html - This is a recent news report about two rioters in London, who are both young men, have been charged after pretending to be 'Good Samaritans'  but were actually stealing from another young man, who was a Malaysian Student. It uses sensationalist language like 'attack that shocked the nation' to make it seem like a huge issue. The images that it used showed a still from the video, which was posted on video hosting website YouTube, and the pictures of the two men convicted in 'mug-shot' style photos, like the police would have taken when they first arrested them.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/8630533/Riots-the-underclass-lashes-out.html - This is a news report that seems to reflect the sort of attitude that a lot of middle and upper class people would have of the riots, with the headline being 'The Underclasses Lash Out'. This seems like quite an unfair report as there was no solid evidence to suggest that it was only working class people partaking in the riots, and the people who wrote the report seem to have stereotyped the people in the places where the looting happened. It uses the line 'Urban War Zone' to make it seem as though this was a fiercely fought battle between the working class and those in power e.g. the police or the government.

Representation Of Youth

David Gauntlet - 'Ideas are not given, but are constructed and negotiated'.

06/08/11 - The first sings of a 'riot' was in Tottenham and Tottenham Hale.
07/08/11 - By 19:45 they had escalated and there were news reports of 100 hooded youths gathering around the Police Station and a mob was reported. The headline on the news footage says LONDON VIOLENCE and the reporters are saying 'police are powerless' and are talking about the violence 'erupting'.

08/08/11 - 23:20 - there is violence in Nottingham is reported and at 23:27 There is further reports of rioting in London in the TESCO stores, and this is where the infamous Basmati Rice picture was taken.

09/08/11 - The Fire Brigade faced its busiest night in recent history, with fires springing up all over the country, especially in London. At 09:55 the friendly match between England and the Netherlands, which was scheduled for the following night, was called off, due to security fears. At 11:06 David Cameron makes his first official statement about the riots.

These are some of the news articles that were reported during the riots:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53XnvNOR5EU - This news report was on behalf of Russia Today, making it seem as though this has evolved from a peaceful protest into a criminal act which the whole world sat up and looked at. The reporter at first is stood in front of the crime scene, talking about the riots in general, and then goes onto interview members of the public who are at the heart of their communities and felt that they were in a position to speak about it.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIYnZW7EIWE&NR=1&feature=fvwp - this news report was for another foreign broadcaster, showing again how big this 6 day event was seen, both by the British and those overseas. They use the headline 'London's Burning'. This headline and the following ones using words like violence, looted and ablaze, makes it all seem sensational and making it, possibly, bigger than it really should of been.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qEjDjtujaQ - this was a British news report on the 07/08/11, just after the riots happened. It interviews David Lammy MP, a man in power, who can have a direct effect on what can happen through Parliament, which makes him a person of responsibility. It shows you footage of the police lining up, and the youths who were rioting on the other side, as if they were two armies, waiting to attack. The reporter who is doing the voiceover calls one of the streets a battleground, making it seem less of a riot, and more of a war.

Contemporary Write Up

Tabloid Newspapers

1. Ricky Preddie, who was out on bail after being released from an 8 year sentence for the manslaughter, tried to escape from the hostel he was being held in, and fought with police officers when they tried to arrest him. He had broken the conditions on which he was out on. The story was reported in The Sun newspaper, and they used words like 'raging' and 'maddened' to describe him, making him out to be insane and not in his right mind. He would have been 19 when arrested so he was a youth st the time. His behaviour was similar to some of the historical examples we looked at, with him wanting to be part of a gang, and longing for freedom. The newspaper used pictures of him, one of a board appealing for information on the murder (taken at the time in 2000), a picture of the murdered boy, aged 10, and a picture of the father.

http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article4123487.ece

2. Yobs out of control - Yobs have cost Brit businesses nearly £10 billion in the last year - Daily Mail, 16th February The language used in article clearly tries to reinforce the ill-behaviour of the youth, starting with the heading which promotes the sub-culture of Yobs in society damaging businesses for the fellow British population. The heading also refers to the idea of a 'loss of control', suggesting the idea that authority has lost it's grip of the youth of today. The article also promotes the underlying idea that Yobs are damaging an already struggle British business environment, especially as more and more companies move abroad. The high figure also places emphasis on the scale of the problem.

The image accompanying the article shows the stereotypical idea of youth's occupying the streets, creating an unwelcoming presences and the growing of unwanted youth culture in a modern society. This image helps presents the article in a clinical form, emphasizing importance.

The combination of language and images represents youth and youth culture in a bad spotlight, promoting the idea that youths are damaging the society of today and the grip authority use to have on youth has eroded. This creation of moral panic influences the public to believe the yob sub-culture is growing and poses a threat to the modern society.

http://www.dailystar.co.uk/starsays/view/235651/Yobs-out-of-control/Yobs-out-of-controlYobs-out-of-controlYobs-out-of-control

3. A group of 9 young men who were planning an attack on London's Big Ben had their prison sentences shortened after pleading guilty to their charges. The men wanted to do a Mumbai Style attack, and Big Ben was only one of their targets, with other landmarks of Britain also targeted. They are likely to serve up to 6 years,  and this amplifies the thought that a lot of young people will have today, thinking that if they apologise, or seem to, then they'll be forgiven and that their punishment will be much more lenient. This is how it is in this story, with the judge being softer and seemingly letting them get away with a very serious crime. The article  in the Daily Mail using emotive language like 11th Hour plea to make it a very big issue, when it was on page 9 of the paper, meaning that they wouldn't automatically class it as its mean issue. 


http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2098951/Muslim-gang-planned-blow-London-Stock-Exchange-jailed-total-96-years.html


Broadsheet Newspapers


1. A Malaysian Student who was caught up in the London Riots in 2011 has been in court recently, giving his account of what happened to him. Two youths were filmed on a mobile phone pretending to be 'Good Samaritains' but were actually stealing things out of his backpack. He had been hit by other 'protestors' and his jaw was broke in two places, so he says he knew it was happening, but was powerless to resist it. The article itself was published with a lot less sensationalist language than you'd expect from The Sun or The Daily Mail. The only image on the article was a picture of the student, Ashraf Rossli, which let you see who the young man was, who was attacked and then robbed. (28th February 2012).


http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/feb/28/uk-riots-good-samaritan-robbery-trial (Article)


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNNmthXSWlc (Video of Incident)

Historical Write Up

Stanley Cohen - Theory


Stan Cohen has two main parts to his theory, Moral Panic and Deviance Amplification.

Moral Panic is the intensity of feeling in a population about an issue which may threaten social order. The mass media is key in creating any moral panic, as they have the power to amplify anything that is happening which is concerning the said population. This media helps us with frameworks for this moral panic, and the Deviants (Those going against the social order that has been created).

Deviance Amplification is a media hype phenomenon defined by media critics as a cycle of increasing numbers of reports on a category of antisocial behavior or some other "undesirable" event, leading to a moral panic. The term was coined in 1972 by Cohen in his book Folk Devils and Moral Panics.

Clockwork Orange


1. Clockwork Orange was a film which portrayed a group of 4 youths in the 70s, who have a taste for violence. The main character is called Alex, who has a fondness for classical music (Beethoven in particular), violence, which he calles ultra-violence, and rape. The film tells the story of his crimes, his capture and the attempt of his rehabilitation, via psychological conditioning.

2. The press used this as a Scapegoat, blaming it for crimes that were so called copy-cats, for example when a 16 year old boy killed a tramp, beating him to death, reminiscent of the opening sequence in the film. The youths at the time felt that it related to them, as they had already experienced some of the themes, especially the violence as they were relating it to football hooliganism. It was later found that it wasn't encouraging the violence, but was making link between the youths of today, with a strong link to the football hooliganism that was present.

3. You can relate Stan Cohen's theory here, with the Newspapers/ News channels sensationalising the storys, creating moral panic in communities across Great Britain and making it seem as though all teenagers were capable of carrying out these brutal murders. Also, you can relate the theory that talks about Deviance Amplification, because the newspapers made the people who were involved in these murders minor celebrities, plastering them all over the papers, meaning everyone knew who they were.

Quadrophenia


1. The representation of Jimmy Steph and Kevin.
JIMMY wants to be part of a gang, and becomes a Mod, because he wanted to be different. However, as you can see when they are in Brighton he ends up exactly the same as everyone else, with his Parka jacket, Levis and his Scooter.

He takes his part of the 'gang' too seriously, and ends up getting in trouble with the police, leading a mob, singing 'We are the Mods!'. However his loyalty to the gang is tested when they beat up one of his friends, who is a rocker, and he doesn't know whether he is loyal to his friends or his gang. He is the stereotypical Mod, parka jacket, levis, scooter, popping pills etc.


STEPH is the personification of sexual freedom, sleeping around with whichever of the boys she takes a fancy to, not having any real loyalty to any of them. She is considered quite feminine compared to the androgynous Mods, who are all trying to be big, hard men, beating up rockers and going out clubbing every night.

KEVIN is a rocker who used to be in the army, but he left because he didn't like having superiors or being bossed around. He was friends with Jimmy, but was beaten up by Jimmy's Mod gang so he is probably more judged on being a rocker, rather than Jimmy's friend.

2. You can see parts of the mise-en-scene present in the film, with different locations present, representing the youth culture of the time. Some of the places that are present are clubs/ pubs, the milkshake bar and the house party that they all attend. Some of the things that you see also portray the culture of the day, for example the pills that they have, the clothing e.g. parkas for Mods, leathers for Rockers and the Pepsi that they are drinking.

3. Some of the ideologies that are present in the film are: sub-cultures within the film e.g. Mods, Rockers and the indifferent parents of these teenagers. The thing that all of the teenagers that you see are that they are living for the here and now, making the most of the time they've got. They like the dominant ideology that you have to be part of one gang or another, or that makes you a nobody. They also like the idea of the binary oppositions, for example the Mods vs. Society, like when they are smashing up the cafe, or trashing the club, dancing on top of the speakers.

4. In the time the Mass Media created Moral Panics, making it out that if two men were walking down the street, one in a parka and one in leathers that there would be a confrontation. They amplified the conflict between the two groups and made the Mods and Rockers into Social Deviants. This fits into the theory by Stanley Cohen, saying that the Mass Media has the power to create Moral Panics and an atmosphere of Social Deviance.

Conclusion

The films and ideologies shown in these two films is similar to some things that we are seeing here in 2012. For example the mass media is still making anyone wearing a hoody out to be a social deviant who will mug you for your handbag if you go within 10 feet of them. It sensationalises stories, making small issues into confrontational ones and creating a moral panic over nothing. You can also see some of the ideologies in place today, with people still liking to be part of a certain  group e.g. supporting a certain team, and if someone goes against that e.g. supporting another team, then it is your right to challenge them on this. A lot of todays teenagers are also living for the here and now, copying the sort of behaviour in Quadrophenia, taking drugs, drinking excessively and having sexual freedom. This is quite similar to the way most of the characters act, in particular Jimmy, Steph and Kevin.

Presentation Of Self Collage

What is your identity?

My identity is based on several things, these include things from sports, music, fashion and technology. On the collage I have included musical elements from Ed Sheeran, who i base my songs and style of playing guitar and singing on, and Coldplay, whose music I like and use elements of when performing and songwriting. I have included a guitar, as I enjoy playing guitar and also designing things to go on the guitars I already own, making them unique. There is also a piano, to reflect that I like to write songs and this is a good medium to do so. Sports-wise I have included one of my coaches, Michael Glenn who helps me on and off the pitch, a picture of David Silva, a player who I admire and try to emulate, Sunderland AFC and Hartlepool United FC, who I go and watch regularly as I support them.  I have also included the Stadium Of Light, which is the Home of Sunderland AFC. For the fashion I have put on a picture of some Nike trainers, which I like to wear and match what I usually wear, and a pair of f50 Adi-Zeros, which are the boots i wear for football, when I play. I also put on an iPod Touch, Facebook and Twitter, which I use to communicate with friends and family and is what makes my communications relevant to me.

Exam Date: 15th June 2012

Section A - Evaluating Own Products

Section B - Youth Portrayal in the Media